ZnO ink

Doped ZnO

Doped ZnO

ZnO (2.8% w/v)

ZnO (5.6% w/v)

ZnO

Solvent

Water

Methanol

Acetone (or IPA)

Acetone (or IPA)

Alcohol

Can be diluted

No

No

Yes

Yes

No

Can be concentrated

No

No

Yes

Yes

No

Solid content (g l^-1)

-

-

2.8

5.6

-

Viscosity at 20^oC (mPa s)

1.7-1.8

0.45-0.50

< 0.3 (1.9)

< 0.3 (1.9)

27-30^b

Dry thickness @ wet thickness (nm @μm)

100 @ 10

100 @ 10

50 @ 10

100 @ 10

100 @ 10

Recommended wet thickness (μm)

7-12

7-10

7-12

7-12

10-20

Web speed in R2R (m min^-1)

1-20

2-60

0.2-60

0.2-60

5-60

Drying temperature (^oC)

80-140

20

20 (20-70)

20 (20-70)

50-80

Curing temperature (^oC)

120-140

120-140

120-140

120-140

120-140

Curing time (min)

5-10

5-10

0-2

0-2

2-4

Application

ETL for ITO (OPV)

ETL for ITO (OPV)

ETL (OPV/Perovskite)

ETL (OPV/Perovskite)

ETL (OPV)

Available in sealed ampoule

No

No

Yes

Yes

No

Sheet-to-sheet (S2S)

Spin coating

+

+

+

+

-

Dr. Blading

+

+

+

+

-

Slot-die

+

+

+

+

-

Spray

+

+

+

+

-

Ink-jet

-

-

+^a

+^a

-

Roll-to-roll (R2R)

Knife

+

+

-

-

-

Slot-die

+

+

+

+

-

Rotary screen printing

-

-

-

-

+

Gravure

-

-

-

-

+

Ink-jet

-

-

(+)^a

(+)^a

-

Cost (欧元）

10 mL

NA

NA

570 (615)

825 (870)

NA

50 mL

285

330

750 (765)

1035 (1050)

NA

250 mL

570

675

2205 (2280)

2910 (2985)

5475

1000 mL

1260

1500

4800 (4875)

7650 (7725)

13500